# Interpolating the Inclusion of the Other in the Self Scale

#### February 28, 2020

For anyone in social psychology using the Inclusion of the Other in the Self (IOS) Scale to measure self-other merging, you might have wished that you could know for sure how much self-other overlap there is between your participant and a target group or individual.

Indeed, the IOS response choices go from 1 to 7 only, and unfortunately these don’t match the percentage overlap from the circle images (i.e., 1/7 is not 14% overlap, and 7/7 is not 100% overlap). You can observe this on the original IOS scale below.

So through trial and error (using the VennDiagram package), I was able to determine the approximate actual overlap from the pictures (below).

I feel like the overlap is pretty close to the original scale. Based on this, I used the approx() function to interpolate any responses so that 1 = 0% (overlap), 2 = 10%, 3 = 20%, 4 = 30%, 5 = 55%, 6 = 65%, and 7 (the maximum) = 85%.

But that also means that a continuous response (for example based on a group average) can also be plotted accurately (e.g., a score of 6.84 would turn into 81.8 % overlap). Let’s see a few examples.

### Getting started

Load the rempsyc package:

library(rempsyc)

Note: If you haven’t installed this package yet, you will need to install it via the following command: install.packages("rempsyc").

### Score of 1 (0% overlap)

overlap_circle(1)

### Score of 3.5 (25% overlap)

overlap_circle(3.5)

### Score of 6.84 (81.8% overlap)

overlap_circle(6.84)

## Changing labels

You can also change group labels with the categories argument, although ‘Self’ and ‘Other’ are the defaults.

overlap_circle(3.12, categories = c("Humans","Animals"))

## Saving to file (PDF or PNG)

First save the plot to an object:

plot <- overlap_circle(3.5)

Then you can use the ggplot2 save command directly with the object name:

ggplot2::ggsave(plot, file = "overlap.pdf", width = 7, height = 7,
unit = 'in', dpi = 300)
# Change the path to where you would like to save it.
# If you copy-paste your path name, remember to
# use "R" slashes ('/' rather than '\').
# Also remember to specify the .pdf extension of the file.

Pro tip: Recommended dimensions for saving is 7 inches wide and 7 inches high. The .pdf or .eps formats are recommended for scalable vector graphics for high-resolution submissions to scientific journals. However, you can also save in other formats, such as .tiff, .png, or .jpg.

## Example figure

This allowed me for instance, for one study, to compare three of my groups side-by-side following an intervention:

### Thanks for checking in

Make sure to check out this page again if you use the code after a time or if you encounter errors, as I periodically update or improve the code. Feel free to contact me for comments, questions, or requests to improve this function at https://github.com/rempsyc/rempsyc/issues. See all tutorials here: https://remi-theriault.com/tutorials.